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SUMMARY:PSUxLing6: Esther Brown (University of Colorado) & Gillian Lord (Univers
	ity of Florida)
DESCRIPTION:The World Is Not Flat\, So Why Are Our Textbooks?\nDr. Gilli
	an Lord\nFollowing the Modern Language Association’s (2007) recommendati
	ons\, and in the face of declining enrollments nationwide\, language pro
	grams are beginning to undertake serious self-reflection with respect to
	 curricula and pedagogical approaches. This process often reveals the ne
	ed to reenvision the approach to teaching languages\, literatures\, and 
	cultures. One such way language educators look to innovate their teachin
	g is by embracing digital tools\, whether of their own design or those t
	hat accompany textbook packages. While there is no doubt that digital ma
	terials facilitate opportunities for fostering the “translingual and tra
	nscultural competence” called for by the MLA\, it is less clear when and
	 how these technologies will cease to be add-ons and begin to serve a mo
	re integrative function in transforming teaching and learning. To this e
	nd\, Dr. Lord argues that the paper-based textbook has outlived its usef
	ulness in today’s world\, both logistically and pedagogically\, and that
	 the change we need in terms of how we teach cannot fully take place unt
	il we change the materials we use to teach. To demonstrate\, Dr. Lord ex
	plains the theoretical underpinnings that went into the design and devel
	opment of her new co-authored digital beginning Spanish textbook\, Contr
	aseña. To conclude\, Dr. Lord will analyze student outcome data from lea
	rners using this program in order to show that this transformed approach
	 benefits both students and instructors.\n\n&nbsp\;\n\nThe Long-Term Acc
	rual in Memory of Contextual Conditioning Effects\nDr. Esther Brown\nSch
	olarly research on variable production of linguistic forms has provided 
	a clear understanding of the ways in which factors of the target context
	 can shape realizations of sounds\, words\, and constructions. Studies i
	nvestigating variation in speech seek to consider\, or statistically con
	trol\, linguistic\, extralinguistic\, and/or discourse~pragmatic factors
	 operating upon the target form of interest\, because these predictors c
	onstrain the variation in anticipated ways. Conditioning factors of the 
	context of use\, in other words\, affect linguistic form in probabilisti
	c fashion. Usage-based research has determined that these forms\, which 
	reflect the probabilistic conditioning of the factors of the production 
	context\, become registered in memory as variant forms of words (and/or 
	constructions). Thus\, contexts of use affect linguistic productions and
	 such productions\, in turn\, can impact lexical representations. Nevert
	heless\, words differ significantly with regard to their exposure to con
	ditioning factors of the discourse context. That is\, opportunity biases
	 arise naturally in use whereby some words co-occur with specific condit
	ioning factors significantly more than others. The conditioning effects 
	of contextual predictors accumulate differentially\, then\, across the l
	inguistic forms of the lexicon. As such\, it is productive in studies of
	 variation (and change) to consider words’ proportion of use in specific
	 discourse environments conditioning variation.\n\nThis talk will substa
	ntiate each of these claims [(ii) that context of use shapes linguistic 
	form\, (ii) that linguistic forms become registered in memory\, (iii) th
	at words differ in their likelihood of occurrence in conditioning contex
	ts] using data from Spanish. Dr. Brown will present projects on phonetic
	 reduction (durational shortening of words) and morphosyntactic variatio
	n (variable subject personal pronoun expression) that reveal evidence of
	 lexically specific accumulation in memory of words’ ratio of occurrence
	 in discourse contexts conditioning variation. Dr. Brown will discuss ef
	forts to disambiguate whether these results reflect outcomes of opportun
	ity biases (predictability of contexts)\, episodic traces of experiences
	 (counts of produced forms)\, or both. Results of both projects are inte
	rpreted as supporting Exemplar Models of lexical representation.\n\nFor 
	more details: https://events.la.psu.edu/event/psuxling6-esther-brown-uni
	versity-of-colorado-gillian-lord-university-of-florida/
X-ALT-DESC;FMTTYPE=text/html:<html><head></head><body><h2 style="text-al
	ign: center; ">The World Is Not Flat, So Why Are Our Textbooks?</h2><h3 
	style="text-align: center; ">Dr. Gillian Lord</h3><p class=" ">Following
	 the Modern Language Association’s (2007) recommendations, and in the fa
	ce of declining enrollments nationwide, language programs are beginning 
	to undertake serious self-reflection with respect to curricula and pedag
	ogical approaches. This process often reveals the need to reenvision the
	 approach to teaching languages, literatures, and cultures. One such way
	 language educators look to innovate their teaching is by embracing digi
	tal tools, whether of their own design or those that accompany textbook 
	packages. While there is no doubt that digital materials facilitate oppo
	rtunities for fostering the “translingual and transcultural competence” 
	called for by the MLA, it is less clear when and how these technologies 
	will cease to be add-ons and begin to serve a more integrative function 
	in transforming teaching and learning. To this end, Dr. Lord argues that
	 the paper-based textbook has outlived its usefulness in today’s world, 
	both logistically and pedagogically, and that the change we need in term
	s of how we teach cannot fully take place until we change the materials 
	we use to teach. To demonstrate, Dr. Lord explains the theoretical under
	pinnings that went into the design and development of her new co-authore
	d digital beginning Spanish textbook, Contraseña. To conclude, Dr. Lord 
	will analyze student outcome data from learners using this program in or
	der to show that this transformed approach benefits both students and in
	structors.</p><p class=" " style="text-align: center; ">&nbsp;</p><h2 cl
	ass=" " style="text-align: center; ">The Long-Term Accrual in Memory of 
	Contextual Conditioning Effects</h2><h3 style="text-align: center; ">Dr.
	 Esther Brown</h3><p class=" ">Scholarly research on variable production
	 of linguistic forms has provided a clear understanding of the ways in w
	hich factors of the target context can shape realizations of sounds, wor
	ds, and constructions. Studies investigating variation in speech seek to
	 consider, or statistically control, linguistic, extralinguistic, and/or
	 discourse~pragmatic factors operating upon the target form of interest,
	 because these predictors constrain the variation in anticipated ways. C
	onditioning factors of the context of use, in other words, affect lingui
	stic form in probabilistic fashion. Usage-based research has determined 
	that these forms, which reflect the probabilistic conditioning of the fa
	ctors of the production context, become registered in memory as variant 
	forms of words (and/or constructions). Thus, contexts of use affect ling
	uistic productions and such productions, in turn, can impact lexical rep
	resentations. Nevertheless, words differ significantly with regard to th
	eir exposure to conditioning factors of the discourse context. That is, 
	opportunity biases arise naturally in use whereby some words co-occur wi
	th specific conditioning factors significantly more than others. The con
	ditioning effects of contextual predictors accumulate differentially, th
	en, across the linguistic forms of the lexicon. As such, it is productiv
	e in studies of variation (and change) to consider words’ proportion of 
	use in specific discourse environments conditioning variation.</p><p cla
	ss=" "><br>This talk will substantiate each of these claims [(ii) that c
	ontext of use shapes linguistic form, (ii) that linguistic forms become 
	registered in memory, (iii) that words differ in their likelihood of occ
	urrence in conditioning contexts] using data from Spanish. Dr. Brown wil
	l present projects on phonetic reduction (durational shortening of words
	) and morphosyntactic variation (variable subject personal pronoun expre
	ssion) that reveal evidence of lexically specific accumulation in memory
	 of words’ ratio of occurrence in discourse contexts conditioning variat
	ion. Dr. Brown will discuss efforts to disambiguate whether these result
	s reflect outcomes of opportunity biases (predictability of contexts), e
	pisodic traces of experiences (counts of produced forms), or both. Resul
	ts of both projects are interpreted as supporting Exemplar Models of lex
	ical representation.</p><p>For more details: <a href='https://events.la.
	psu.edu/event/psuxling6-esther-brown-university-of-colorado-gillian-lord
	-university-of-florida/'>https://events.la.psu.edu/event/psuxling6-esthe
	r-brown-university-of-colorado-gillian-lord-university-of-florida/</a></
	p></body></html>
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